Many people have been asking how the Trump administration worked out its tariffs, while many countries have been arguing the numbers bear no relationship with reality.

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New Zealand’s trade minister insisted his country did not apply a 20% tariff to US imports, as suggested by Washington, while Australia’s prime minister, Anthony Albanese, insisted the US tariffs had “no basis in logic” and that “a reciprocal tariff would be zero, not 10%.”

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One journalist claims to have discovered the answer, and analysts are suggesting he is likely correct.

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“They didn’t actually calculate tariff rates + non-tariff barriers, as they say they did. Instead, for every country, they just took our trade deficit with that country and divided it by the country’s exports to us,” financial writer James Surowiecki wrote in a post on X.

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“So we have a $17.9 billion trade deficit with Indonesia. Its exports to us are $28 billion. $17.9/$28=64%, which Trump claims is the tariff rate Indonesia charges us.”

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Then that number was divided in half as Trump said he was being “kind”. He also said the tariff calculations included “currency manipulation and trade barriers”.

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An explanation of the calculations later posted on the office of the US trade representative appeared to confirm that the administration had used trade deficits divided by imports.

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Mike O’Rourke, chief marketing strategist at Jones Trading, was quoted by CNN as saying:

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n

While these new tariff measures have been framed as ‘reciprocal’ tariffs, it turns out the policy is actually one of surplus targeting …

n

There does not appear to have been any tariffs used in the calculation of the rate. The Trump administration is specifically targeting nations with large trade surpluses with the United States relative to their exports to the United States.

n

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A bit more from von der Leyen’s press conference. She said all businesses “big and small” would suffer “from day one”, affected by disruptions to supply chains and greater uncertainty as well as “burdensome bureaucracy”.

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The costs of doing business with the United States will “drastically increase”, she said.

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n

What is more there seems to be no order in the disorder. No clear path through the complexity and chaos as all US trading partners are hit.

n

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For weeks, Donald Trump and his aides sought to brand Wednesday as “liberation day” in America. Many in the US could be forgiven for wondering what exactly they’ve just been liberated from.

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Trump likes to present the world as black and white. The US is either winning or losing. A policy, deal or plan is the best or the worst. A person, country or company is supporting or screwing you.

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There is rarely space for nuance, time for complexity, or tolerance for inconvenient facts. The simplicity of this narrative is its power.

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By Trump’s telling, the US is about to raise trillions of dollars for the federal government by taxing the world, not its citizens: a typically black and white choice.

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But reality is often more complex than rhetoric. There are myriad shades of gray.

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Import tariffs are not paid by other countries. They are paid by importers – in this case, US firms and companies – buying goods from overseas. These costs often trickle down through the economy, raising prices at every clink in the chain.

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Trump promised lower prices. He is betting his tariffs won’t raise them too high, for too long.

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“This is going to be a big moment,” he said on Wednesday. “I think you’re going to remember today.”

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He may well be right.

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US tariffs are a “major blow” to the world economy and the EU is preparing counter measures that will apply if negotiations fail, EU Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen has said.

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“We are already finalising the first package of countermeasures in response to tariffs on steel,” she said in a statement read out in Uzbekistan ahead of an EU-Central Asia partnership summit.

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“And we’re now preparing for further countermeasures to protect our interests and our businesses if negotiations fail.”

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Trump earlier unveiled a 10% minimum tariff on most goods imported to the US with a higher 20% rate for the EU.

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Von der Leyen said the consequences of the US tariffs would be “immense”.

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n

The global economy will massively suffer, uncertainty will spiral and trigger the rise of further protectionism.

n

The consequences will be dire for millions of people around the globe also for the most vulnerable countries, which are now subject to some of the highest US tariffs.

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PHOTO: European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivers a statement, in BrusselsFILE PHOTO: European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivers a statement on plans to strengthen the European defence industry and the EU’s military capabilities, in Brussels, Belgium March 4, 2025. REUTERS/Yves Herman/File Photo”,”credit”:”Photograph: Yves Herman/Reuters”}}],”attributes”:{“pinned”:true,”keyEvent”:true,”summary”:false},”blockCreatedOn”:1743650670000,”blockCreatedOnDisplay”:”23.24 EDT”,”blockLastUpdated”:1743653808000,”blockLastUpdatedDisplay”:”00.16 EDT”,”blockFirstPublished”:1743651708000,”blockFirstPublishedDisplay”:”23.41 EDT”,”blockFirstPublishedDisplayNoTimezone”:”23.41″,”title”:”US tariffs a ‘major blow’ to world economy, EU preparing counter measures, von der Leyen says”,”contributors”:[],”primaryDateLine”:”Thu 3 Apr 2025 01.04 EDT”,”secondaryDateLine”:”First published on Wed 2 Apr 2025 19.46 EDT”},{“id”:”67edf4608f08c57a3c9c735d”,”elements”:[{“_type”:”model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement”,”html”:”

Japan’s trade minister says Tokyo told Washington that sweeping new US tariffs that include a 24% levy on Japanese imports are “extremely regrettable”, according to AFP.

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“I have conveyed that the unilateral tariff measures taken by the US are extremely regrettable, and I have again strongly urged [Washington] not to apply them to Japan,” Yoji Muto told reporters, adding that he spoke with US commerce secretary Howard Lutnick before Donald Trump’s announcement.

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trade minister Yoji Muto.”,”caption”:”Japan’s trade minister Yoji Muto.”,”credit”:”Photograph: Xinhua/REX/Shutterstock”}},{“_type”:”model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement”,”html”:”

“I also explained in detail how the US tariffs would adversely affect the US economy by undermining the capacity of Japanese companies to invest in the United States,” said Muto.

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“We had a frank discussion on how to pursue cooperation in the interest of both Japan and the United States that does not rely on tariffs,” Muto said.

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Chief cabinet secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi also told reporters that the tariffs may contravene World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and the two countries’ trade treaty.

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“We have serious concerns as to consistency with the WTO agreement and Japan-US trade agreement,” he told reporters.

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Japan has also failed to win exclusion from 25-percent tariffs on auto imports due to come into force later on Thursday.

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Last year, vehicles accounted for around 28% of Japan’s 21.3 trillion yen ($142 bn) of US-bound exports, and roughly eight% of all Japanese jobs are tied to the sector.

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China’s commerce ministry has called for Washington to “immediately cancel” sweeping new tariffs, warning they “endanger global economic development” and would hurt US interests and international supply chains.

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“China urges the US to immediately cancel unilateral tariff measures and properly resolve differences with trade partners through equal dialogue,” the ministry said, adding: “There is no winner in a trade war, and there is no way out for protectionism.”

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Trump has hit China with particularly stinging tariffs of 34% in addition to already existing 20% tariffs on all Chinese imports.

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Beijing also accused the United States of a “typical unilateral bullying practice”.

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Trump has said his tariffs are “reciprocal” but many experts say his administration’s estimates for levies placed on US imports by other countries are wildly exaggerated.

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“The US claims to have suffered losses in international trade, using so-called ’reciprocity’ as an excuse to raise tariffs on all trade partners,” Beijing said.

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“This approach disregards the balance of interests achieved through years of multilateral trade negotiations and ignores the fact that the US has long profited significantly from international trade,” it added.

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In news you didn’t know you needed:

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A group of barren, uninhabited volcanic islands near Antarctica, covered in glaciers and home to penguins, have been swept up in Donald Trump’s trade war, as the US president hit them with a 10% tariff on goods.

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handout photo taken on November 21, 2012 and released on 8 October, 2024 by the Australian Antarctic Division shows a waddle of King penguins standing on the shores of Corinthian Bay in the Australian territory of Heard Island in the Southern Ocean.”,”caption”:”A handout photo taken on November 21, 2012 and released on 8 October, 2024 by the Australian Antarctic Division shows a waddle of King penguins standing on the shores of Corinthian Bay in the Australian territory of Heard Island in the Southern Ocean.”,”credit”:”Photograph: Matt Curnock/AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIVISION/AFP/Getty Images”}},{“_type”:”model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement”,”html”:”

Heard Island and McDonald Islands, which form an external territory of Australia, are among the remotest places on earth, accessible only via a two-week boat voyage from Perth on Australia’s west coast. They are completely uninhabited, with the last visit from people believed to be nearly 10 years ago.

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Nevertheless, Heard and McDonald Islands featured in a list released by the White House of countries that would have new trade tariffs imposed.

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Read the full story below.

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Canada’s exemption from Donald Trump’s global tariffs was “like dodging a bullet into the path of a tank”, say business leaders as other levies are poised to hit key industries that drive the country’s economy.

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In a theatrical unveiling of tariffs on countries with “unfair” practices on Wednesday afternoon, Canada was noticeably absent, alongside trade ally Mexico.

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But speaking speaking to reporters on Parliament Hill, prime minister Mark Carney said 25% tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum, as well as on automobiles, will come into effect within hours.

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Prime Minister Mark Carney arrives on Parliament Hill in OttawaCanada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks to reporters as he arrives on Parliament Hill to attend a meeting of the cabinet committee on Canada-U.S. relations and national security in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, April 2, 2025. REUTERS/Patrick Doyle”,”credit”:”Photograph: Patrick Doyle/Reuters”}},{“_type”:”model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement”,”html”:”

Canada would “fight these measures with countermeasures” he said, ahead of a meeting with cabinet ministers. “In a crisis, it’s important to come together. It’s essential to act with purpose and with force and that’s what we’ll do.”

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Already, Canada had put a 25% tax on C$30bn ($21bn) worth of US goods in response to Trump’s tariffs. Among the products targeted are spirits, wine and orange juice – items meant to inflict targeted economic pain. The federal government has repeatedly pledged to keep its retaliatory measures until the US lifts all levies on Canadian products.

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The prime minister is expected to outline the next stages of Canada’s response on Thursday.

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Flavio Volpe, president of the Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association posted on social media the result was “like dodging a bullet into the path of a tank”.

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Several Republican senators have joined Democrats to pass a resolution that would block Donald Trump’s tariffs on Canada, a rare rebuke of the president’s trade policy just hours after he announced plans for sweeping import taxes on some of the country’s largest trading partners.

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In a 51-48 vote, four Republicans – Susan Collins of Maine, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, and both Kentucky senators, the former majority leader Mitch McConnell and Rand Paul – defied Trump’s pressure campaign and supported the measure.

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Democrats used a procedural maneuver to force a vote on the resolution, which would terminate the national emergency on fentanyl Trump is using to justify tariffs on Canada.

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While Trump’s sweeping new tariffs, introduced in a White House Rose Garden ceremony on Wednesday, did not include additional levies on Canada, the Senate vote amounted to a significant bipartisan condemnation of the president’s escalating global trade war with allies and enemies alike.

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“Tariffs will hurt our families. Canada is not an enemy,” the Democratic senator Tim Kaine, the bill’s sponsor, said in a floor speech on Wednesday.

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n

Let’s not label an ally as an enemy. Let’s not impose punishing costs on American families at a time they can’t afford it. Let’s not hurt American small businesses. Let’s not make our national security investments in ships and subs more expensive.

n

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Gold has reached a record high while the yen has strengthened against the dollar and stock markets have slumped after Donald’s Trump’s unexpectedly aggressive tariff announcement. Here’s the latest on the markets courtesy of Reuters:

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The high-flying tech sector was pummelled as manufacturing hubs in China and Taiwan faced new tariffs above 30%, bringing the total new levy to an eye-watering 54% on imports from China.

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“The US effective tariff rate on all imports look to be the highest level in over a century,” said Citi’s global rates trading strategist, Ben Wiltshire.

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Nasdaq futures tumbled 4% and in after-hours trade some $760 billion was wiped from the market value of Magnificent Seven technology leaders. Apple shares, hit hardest as the company makes iPhones in China, were down nearly 7%.

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S&P 500 futures fell 3.3%, FTSE futures fell 1.8%, while European futures fell nearly 2%.

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Gold hit a record high above $3,160 an ounce, and oil, a proxy for global growth, slumped more than 3% to put benchmark Brent futures at $72.56 a barrel.

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In early trade in Tokyo, the Nikkei was down 3.9% at an eight-month low, with nearly every index member falling as shippers, banks, insurers and exporters copped a beating.

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Benchmark 10-year Treasury yields shot down 14 basis points to a five-month low of 4.04% as investors braced for slower US growth, while interest rate futures priced in a higher chance of interest rate cuts in the months ahead.

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South Korea’s Kospi fell 2%. Van Eck’s Vietnam ETF fell more than 8% in after-hours trade. Australian shares fell 2%.

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Markets in Taiwan were closed for a holiday.

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President Donald Trump appears on a television screen at the stock market in Frankfurt, Germany.”,”caption”:”Us President Donald Trump appears on a television screen at the stock market in Frankfurt, Germany.”,”credit”:”Photograph: Michael Probst/AP”}},{“_type”:”model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.BlockquoteBlockElement”,”html”:”

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China’s yuan touched a two-month low in offshore trade, ahead of the onshore open.

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Ten-year Japanese government bond futures made their sharpest jump in eight months.

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Donald Trump is finally making good on his campaign promises to “build that wall” – but instead of steel fencing along the Mexican border, it will be constructed from tariffs, and will enclose the entire United States.

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In his pugnacious and typically rambling speech on the White House lawn on Wednesday, Trump set out plans for across-the-board import taxes, ranging from 10% to more than 40%.

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The president promised “liberation”, yet the immediate impact is more likely to be rising prices for US shoppers and corrosive uncertainty for firms, exacerbating an economic slowdown that may already be under way.

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Outside the wall, countries will be affected according to how dependent their economies are on exports to the US – and how exposed they are to the global trading system. For some, it is likely to be devastating.

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The precise effects of sweeping tariffs on this historic scale are hard to predict. One factor is how rival economies will respond: retaliatory tariffs tend to make a bad situation worse, though they may make short-term political sense (see Mark Carney’s poll ratings in Canada).

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Another question is whether the dollar may appreciate, somewhat softening the blow for US importers. That may limit the effect on prices, which would otherwise be expected to rise as the cost of importing products and materials increases.

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The main challenge in assessing the exact impact of the plans, though, is that Trump’s statement did not mark the end of the period of profound economic uncertainty that began when he arrived in the White House – quite the opposite.

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South Korea’s acting President Han Duck-soo has ordered emergency support measures for businesses that will be affected by the imposition of US tariffs of 25%, including automobiles, the industry ministry has said.

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Han asked the industry minister to analyse the content of the tariffs and actively negotiate with Washington to minimise the impact of US reciprocal tariffs, the ministry said. Han said:

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As the global trade war has become a reality, the government must pour all its capabilities to overcome the trade crisis.

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Trump in his speech singled out Washington’s Asian security allies South Korea and Japan, accusing them of being among the worst offenders for conducting unfair trade practices against the United States.

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Finance minister Choi Sang-mok and industry minister Ahn Duk-geun are to hold further meetings later on Thursday to discuss the tariffs’ impact on financial and foreign exchange markets, strategies for outreach to the US and the response of government and business, the news agency Yonhap reported.

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Analysts in Seoul said Trump’s extensive rollout of tariffs was harsher than expected, casting a cloud over the export-reliant economy.

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“For the domestic economy, a significant blow will be inevitable,” said Park Sang-hyun, an economist at iM Securities.

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“It is clear that major export products such as automobiles will be hit hard, and exports to the US through production bases in Vietnam will also be hit hard,” Park said in a note.

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US futures have fallen sharply, with the Dow Jones dropping 2.4% at around 2345 GMT, the Nasdaq index plunging 4.2%, and the broader futures index for the S&P 500 falling 3.5%. AFP reports:

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Wall Street has largely suffered from Trump’s various trade announcements in recent weeks.

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“The silver lining for investors could be that this is only a starting point for negotiations with other countries and ultimately tariff rates will come down across the board,” Northlight Asset Management’s Chris Zaccarelli wrote in a note to clients.

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“But for now traders are shooting first and asking questions later,” he added.

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The share price of technology companies whose components are produced abroad also fell sharply, with Apple losing 7.4% after-hours, Nvidia falling 5.2% and TSMC declining 5.9%.

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Futures markets are typically much more volatile than the regular indices.

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The clothing sector was also hit especially hard, with a particularly heavy bill for China, where products will be hit by an additional duty of 34% from April 9, and Vietnam, where the new “reciprocal” rate will be 46%.

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Brands whose clothes are partly made in China or Vietnam were sharply lower, with Gap down 8.5% after hours, Ralph Lauren falling 7.3%, and Nike losing 7.1%.

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Tokyo’s Nikkei index has opened 3.4% down after the Trump tariffs, while Australian shares are down 2%.

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The benchmark Nikkei 225 index was down 3.42%, or 1,222.77 points, at 34,503.10 in early trade, while the broader Topix index was down 3.32%, or 87.93 points, at 2,562.36.

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Nikkei average futures were also down 6% in the minutes before opening, Reuters reported.

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In Australia S&P/ASX 200 index fell as much as 2.1% to 7,768 points by 0002 GMT. The benchmark recorded its biggest intraday loss since December 19, 2024.

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“Stocks are diving following Trump unveiling tariffs that will hurt most global companies, Australian farmers, and investors alike”, said Jessica Amir, a market analyst at trading platform Moomoo.

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The price of gold hit a new record after the tariff announcements.

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Gold crossed the previous record of $3,149.14 an ounce at around 2300 GMT on Wednesday and then continued to climb above $1,350 an ounce, as traders piled into the safe haven asset amid a steep decline in stock market futures.

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Strongly. The EU has already announced a string of tariffs it plans to introduce on US imports targeting steel and aluminium in kind, as well as textiles, leather goods, home appliances, house tools, plastics and wood.

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Sources say it is also considering nuclear options, including tariffs on revenues generated in the EU by big tech firms and social media.

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This could be seen as highly provocative and would put Trump’s allies, such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, in the crosshairs. It would also test the unity of the EU, with Ireland expected to argue against more punitive measures because of the dominance of the US tech sector in Dublin.

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Any action by the EU – which is targeted with a 20-percent tariff rate – “should be proportionate, aimed at defending the interests of our businesses, workers and citizens,” said Irish prime minister Micheál Martin.

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Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni on Wednesday called the new US tariffs on the EU “wrong”.

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The EU’s preference is to negotiate so it has decided to delay countermeasures to open a space for talks. Maroš Šefčovič, the European commissioner for trade and economic security, has already met the US commerce secretary, Howard Lutnick, and, although Šefčovič reportedly came home last week “empty handed”, he is operating the Brexit playbook, hoping to build a personal relationship that will provide credit in the bank when they get down to talks.

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EU chief Ursula von der Leyen is expected to give a reaction on behalf of the European Commission – which handles trade issues for all 27 countries in the European Union – at around 0300 GMT on Thursday – that’s in three hours – during a visit she is making to Uzbekistan.

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The US tariff rate on all imports has rocketed to 22% from just 2.5% in 2024 under the new global levies imposed by President Donald Trump, Fitch Ratings’ U.S. economic research chief said on Wednesday. Reuters reports:

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“That rate was last seen around 1910,” Olu Sonola, Fitch’s head of US economic research, said in a statement after Trump’s announcement for a global baseline import tax of 10%, but much higher rates for many trading partners.

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“This is a game changer, not only for the US economy but for the global economy,” Sonola said. “Many countries will likely end up in a recession. You can throw most forecasts out the door, if this tariff rate stays on for an extended period of time.”

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Hello and welcome to our live coverage of reaction to the latest Trump tariffs, which were more aggressive than expected against major US trading partners and which sent shockwaves through global markets.

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“This is the worst-case scenario that the market was expecting and that’s enough to potentially send the US into a recession,” said Jay Hatfield, CEO at Infrastructure Capital Advisors.

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Speaking in the White House Rose Garden against a backdrop of US flags on what he called “Liberation Day”, Trump slapped sweeping 10% tariffs on imports from around the world.

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He also unveiled particularly stinging tariffs of 34% on China, 20% on the European Union and 24% on Japan, saying they were “nations that treat us badly.”

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He also hit some of the world’s poorest countries and those struggling with wars and natural disasters: Myanmar, which is embroiled in civil war and which was struck last week by a devastating earthquake, was hit with tariffs of 44% while Sri Lanka was hit with rates of 44%, Bangladesh a rate of 37%, Cambodia 49% and Syria 41%.

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“For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike,” Trump said.

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Wall Street was closed when Trump made his announcement but the S&P index was down 1.5% in after-hours trading. The dollar fell 1% against the euro as he was speaking, but then recovered.

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US stock futures fell on the announcement, with S&P 500 E-minis down 3.5%, while the euro was down 0.3%. Markets in Asia are beginning to open now. We’ll bring you all the latest developments as they happen.

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In the meantime, here’s what you need to know:

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  The 10% universal tariff will go into effect on 5 April while the reciprocal tariffs will begin on 9 April.

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  Special exceptions were made for Canada and Mexico, though the countries were previously targets of proposed broad tariffs. The White House said that goods covered by an existing trade deal with Canada and Mexico will continue to see no tariffs.

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  Trump said the US would charge half of the fees he feels trading partners unfairly impose on the US because the US people are “very kind”.

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  Trump zeroed in on the industry-specific tariffs countries have placed on American exports. In his speech, Trump criticized policies like the EU’s ban on imported chicken, Canadian tariffs on dairy and Japan’s levies on rice.

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  The new tariffs come on top of a lineup of levies that Trump has already implemented: an additional 20% tariff on all Chinese imports and a 25% tariff on all steel and aluminum imports. There is also a 10% tariff on energy imports from Canada.

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  Sweeping auto tariffs of 25% that Trump announced last week are also due to take effect at 12:01 am (0401 GMT) on Thursday.

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  US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent warned nations not to impose countermeasures, saying on Fox News: “If you retaliate, there will be escalation.”

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  Leaders around the world criticised the tariffs, with Australian prime minister Anthony Albanese calling them “totally unwarranted” and his Italian counterpart, Giorgia Meloni, a close Trump ally, saying they were “wrong”.

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How did the Trump White House calculate the tariffs?

Many people have been asking how the Trump administration worked out its tariffs, while many countries have been arguing the numbers bear no relationship with reality.

New Zealand’s trade minister insisted his country did not apply a 20% tariff to US imports, as suggested by Washington, while Australia’s prime minister, Anthony Albanese, insisted the US tariffs had “no basis in logic” and that “a reciprocal tariff would be zero, not 10%.”

One journalist claims to have discovered the answer, and analysts are suggesting he is likely correct.

“They didn’t actually calculate tariff rates + non-tariff barriers, as they say they did. Instead, for every country, they just took our trade deficit with that country and divided it by the country’s exports to us,” financial writer James Surowiecki wrote in a post on X.

“So we have a $17.9 billion trade deficit with Indonesia. Its exports to us are $28 billion. $17.9/$28=64%, which Trump claims is the tariff rate Indonesia charges us.”

Then that number was divided in half as Trump said he was being “kind”. He also said the tariff calculations included “currency manipulation and trade barriers”.

An explanation of the calculations later posted on the office of the US trade representative appeared to confirm that the administration had used trade deficits divided by imports.

Mike O’Rourke, chief marketing strategist at Jones Trading, was quoted by CNN as saying:

While these new tariff measures have been framed as ‘reciprocal’ tariffs, it turns out the policy is actually one of surplus targeting …

There does not appear to have been any tariffs used in the calculation of the rate. The Trump administration is specifically targeting nations with large trade surpluses with the United States relative to their exports to the United States.

The US tariffs are “highly unreasonable” and the government plans “serious negotiations” with Washington, Taiwan has said. Cabinet spokeswoman Michelle Lee said:

The Executive Yuan found the decision highly unreasonable and deeply regretted it, and will initiate serious negotiations with the United States.

The tariffs announced on Wednesday included a 32% levy on Taiwan.

Semiconductor chips, a sector that Taiwan dominates and has been a source of friction between Washington and Taipei, were excluded from the levies.

But, analysts warned that tariffs on components would have a knock-on effect for the critical chip industry.

Taiwan had drawn up plans to help local industries hit by possible US tariffs, minister of cconomic affairs Kuo Jyh-huei said Tuesday, ahead of Trump’s announcement.

Steep US tariffs on imported automobiles have officially kicked in.

The 25% tariffs took effect at 12:01am ET (0401 GMT) on foreign-made cars and light trucks, with automobile parts to be hit no later than 3 May, according to a Federal Register notice, AFP reported.

Ursula von der Leyen says the US and the EU over the past 80 years have greatly benefited from their trading relationship, with consumers enjoying reduced prices and businesses benefiting from “huge opportunities” leading to “unprecedented growth and prosperity”.

At the same time we know that the global trading system has serious deficiencies. I agree with President Trump that others are taking unfair advantage of the current rules and I’m ready to support any efforts to make the global trading system fit for the realities of the global economy.

But I also want to be clear. Reaching for tariffs as your first and last tool will not fix it. This is why from the outset we have always been ready to negotiate with the United States to remove the remaining barriers to trans-Atlantic trade.

‘No order in the disorder’, says von der Leyen

A bit more from von der Leyen’s press conference. She said all businesses “big and small” would suffer “from day one”, affected by disruptions to supply chains and greater uncertainty as well as “burdensome bureaucracy”.

The costs of doing business with the United States will “drastically increase”, she said.

What is more there seems to be no order in the disorder. No clear path through the complexity and chaos as all US trading partners are hit.

Analysis: Liberation from what?

Callum Jones

For weeks, Donald Trump and his aides sought to brand Wednesday as “liberation day” in America. Many in the US could be forgiven for wondering what exactly they’ve just been liberated from.

Trump likes to present the world as black and white. The US is either winning or losing. A policy, deal or plan is the best or the worst. A person, country or company is supporting or screwing you.

There is rarely space for nuance, time for complexity, or tolerance for inconvenient facts. The simplicity of this narrative is its power.

By Trump’s telling, the US is about to raise trillions of dollars for the federal government by taxing the world, not its citizens: a typically black and white choice.

But reality is often more complex than rhetoric. There are myriad shades of gray.

Import tariffs are not paid by other countries. They are paid by importers – in this case, US firms and companies – buying goods from overseas. These costs often trickle down through the economy, raising prices at every clink in the chain.

Trump promised lower prices. He is betting his tariffs won’t raise them too high, for too long.

“This is going to be a big moment,” he said on Wednesday. “I think you’re going to remember today.”

He may well be right.

US tariffs a ‘major blow’ to world economy, EU preparing counter measures, von der Leyen says

US tariffs are a “major blow” to the world economy and the EU is preparing counter measures that will apply if negotiations fail, EU Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen has said.

“We are already finalising the first package of countermeasures in response to tariffs on steel,” she said in a statement read out in Uzbekistan ahead of an EU-Central Asia partnership summit.

“And we’re now preparing for further countermeasures to protect our interests and our businesses if negotiations fail.”

Trump earlier unveiled a 10% minimum tariff on most goods imported to the US with a higher 20% rate for the EU.

Von der Leyen said the consequences of the US tariffs would be “immense”.

The global economy will massively suffer, uncertainty will spiral and trigger the rise of further protectionism.

The consequences will be dire for millions of people around the globe also for the most vulnerable countries, which are now subject to some of the highest US tariffs.

Shares in Hanoi have also plunged by more than 5% after markets opened on Thursday; Trump hit Vietnam with particularly harsh tariffs of 46%.

The Hanoi Stock Exchange Equity Index sank 5.6 percent, or 13.42 points, to 224.71.

US tariffs are ‘extremely regrettable’ and will hurt US economy, Japan says

Japan’s trade minister says Tokyo told Washington that sweeping new US tariffs that include a 24% levy on Japanese imports are “extremely regrettable”, according to AFP.

“I have conveyed that the unilateral tariff measures taken by the US are extremely regrettable, and I have again strongly urged [Washington] not to apply them to Japan,” Yoji Muto told reporters, adding that he spoke with US commerce secretary Howard Lutnick before Donald Trump’s announcement.

“I also explained in detail how the US tariffs would adversely affect the US economy by undermining the capacity of Japanese companies to invest in the United States,” said Muto.

“We had a frank discussion on how to pursue cooperation in the interest of both Japan and the United States that does not rely on tariffs,” Muto said.

Chief cabinet secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi also told reporters that the tariffs may contravene World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and the two countries’ trade treaty.

“We have serious concerns as to consistency with the WTO agreement and Japan-US trade agreement,” he told reporters.

Japan has also failed to win exclusion from 25-percent tariffs on auto imports due to come into force later on Thursday.

Last year, vehicles accounted for around 28% of Japan’s 21.3 trillion yen ($142 bn) of US-bound exports, and roughly eight% of all Japanese jobs are tied to the sector.

China urges US to ‘immediately cancel’ new tariffs, calls for ‘dialogue’

China’s commerce ministry has called for Washington to “immediately cancel” sweeping new tariffs, warning they “endanger global economic development” and would hurt US interests and international supply chains.

“China urges the US to immediately cancel unilateral tariff measures and properly resolve differences with trade partners through equal dialogue,” the ministry said, adding: “There is no winner in a trade war, and there is no way out for protectionism.”

Trump has hit China with particularly stinging tariffs of 34% in addition to already existing 20% tariffs on all Chinese imports.

Beijing also accused the United States of a “typical unilateral bullying practice”.

Trump has said his tariffs are “reciprocal” but many experts say his administration’s estimates for levies placed on US imports by other countries are wildly exaggerated.

“The US claims to have suffered losses in international trade, using so-called ’reciprocity’ as an excuse to raise tariffs on all trade partners,” Beijing said.

“This approach disregards the balance of interests achieved through years of multilateral trade negotiations and ignores the fact that the US has long profited significantly from international trade,” it added.

‘Nowhere on earth is safe’: Trump imposes tariffs on uninhabited islands near Antarctica

Kate Lyons

In news you didn’t know you needed:

A group of barren, uninhabited volcanic islands near Antarctica, covered in glaciers and home to penguins, have been swept up in Donald Trump’s trade war, as the US president hit them with a 10% tariff on goods.

Heard Island and McDonald Islands, which form an external territory of Australia, are among the remotest places on earth, accessible only via a two-week boat voyage from Perth on Australia’s west coast. They are completely uninhabited, with the last visit from people believed to be nearly 10 years ago.

Nevertheless, Heard and McDonald Islands featured in a list released by the White House of countries that would have new trade tariffs imposed.

Read the full story below.